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Telephone systems
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Cordless UK Telephone Systems
History
DECT stands for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications, which is a digital communication standard primarily used for creating cordless telephone systems. Developed in Europe by the ETSI, it is now the universal standard for cordless phone systems, replacing all prior cordless phone standards, like the 900 MHz CT1 and CT2 standards.
It has also been widely adopted outside of Europe by countries such as Australia, most countries in South America and Asia. Due to United States radio frequency regulations it has yet to be adopted in North America. The Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications 6.0 variant was developed to meet the regulation requirements of the United States it uses a slightly higher frequency band. Though the technology is almost identical, the differences in frequency makes 6.0 systems inoperable with other DECT systems in other locations, even if they are from the same equipment manufacturer. The standard has almost completely replaced other standards in every country where it is employed, except within North America where there are issues with the Federal Communications Commission regulations in the US.
DECT telephone systems are used primarily in home office and small office environments, but are also available for use in medium and large businesses’ PBX systems. The standard can also be utilized for uses other than cordless phones, like baby monitors. Some data applications exist, but Wi-Fi is the more common standard used.
Handsets and bases from manufacturers such as Samsung, Panasonic and BT Airway generally work together for the basic functions of receiving and making calls. The standard contains interoperability profiles standardized for Generic Access Profiles or GAP which as the basic telephone capabilities, implemented by most manufacturers. The standard also includes other profiles for data and radio local-loop service interoperability.
Application
The standard specifies the means for a portable unit, like a cordless telephone systems, to connect to a fixed network via radio. Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications doesn’t specify internal aspects of the fixed network like GSM standards do. Fixed network connectivity is handled by the base station. Alternatively it can be handled by a "Radio Fixed Part" which sends the radio link to a gateway which connects the calls to a fixed network. Most often he gateway connects to the public switched telephone network via telephone jack. In recent years Voice over IP connectivity has become more popular and available. Other devices like baby monitors which utilize the standard have no gateway functionality.
Application for the standard originally fell into three main areas:
* Cordless home phone systems, which use a single base station to connect multiple handsets to the public switched telephone network.
* Premises based cordless PABXs with wireless LANs for Enterprise applications, using multiple base stations for coverage. Calls switching between different stations via a handover mechanism to ensure call continuation. Calls can be within the internal network or directed to the public switched telephone network.
* Public access, utilizing a greater quantity of base stations to provide coverage to urban areas or large capacity buildings as part of a public switched telephone network.
The home market offering of cordless home phone systems by manufactures such as BT Airway, Panasonic and Samsung has been very successful. The market for enterprise PABXs has had some success, with all major PABX vendors offering Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications options. Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications for public access was not successful, as it was out matched by cellular networks which combine ubiquitous coverage and greater capacity at a ever reducing cost. With only one major Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications installation for public access: Telecom Italia launched its “Fido” network in early 1998 Telecom Italia after much delay due to regulatory red-tape. The network covered most major cities in Italy. “Fido” was promoted for a few short months before it was shut down in 2001. The service had a peak of 142,000 subscribers.
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications has also been used in South Africa and India in Fixed Wireless Access applications as a substitute for last mile copper runs. Using directional antennas cell coverage could be extended over 10 km but would sacrifice some call capacity. In Europe the power limit to be used for the spectrum was expressed in ERP, instead of the more commonly-used EIRP, this permitted the use of high-gain directional antennas with longer range because they could produce much higher EIRP.
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications has also been used in point of sale systems, remote door openers and traffic signals.
VoIP Systems
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications telephone systems like ones from Samsung, Panasonic and BT Airway have become an essential part of many business PABX installations. Since migration from TDM PBXs to VoIP began, manufacturers like Panasonic, Samsung and BT Airway among others have created solutions where the signaling from the base station is VoIP and the handset loop is DECT. Some PBX vendors promote the use of handsets that utilize VoIP over Wi-Fi, but this creates significant overhead in the Wi-Fi network design and complexity, in providing coverage, roaming, bandwidth and QoS. But this solution avoids the requirement of a separate radio network.
Development and Usage
DECT was developed in several phases by ETSI, the first phase of standards were published between 1988 and 1992. These included the 9 part ETS 300-175 series which defined the air interface, and ETS 300-176 standard which defined how to type approve the units. To explain the standard the ETR-178 technical report was also published. ETSI later created and published standards to cover testing standards and profiles for interoperability.
Originally called the "Digital European Cordless Telephone" when it was launched in November 1987 by CEPT. It was renamed the "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications" after Enrico Tosato of Italy made the suggestion. The name soon changed again to the "Digital European Cordless Telecommunications" as a reflection of the standards’ broader application range, which include data services. In 1995, "European" was dropped in favor of "Enhanced" to signify the standards’ growing use globally. This ETSI standard for digital portable phones i.e. cordless home phones, usually utilized for small and home offices is ITU recognized as a 3G system. The standard falls under the IMT-2000 technology group and is referred to as IMT-FT or IMT-2000 Frequency Time.
Originally developed by ETSI it has since been put into use by numerous countries worldwide. Europe employs the original frequency band of 1880 MHz to1900 MHz. This frequency band is used in Australia, South America and most of Asia. The Federal Communications Commission in the United States changed the channelization and licensing costs of the frequency band of 1920 MHz to 1930 MHz, or 1.9 GHz in 2005. This band known as the UPCS or Unlicensed Personal Communications Services, allowed telephone systems to be sold in America with just minor changes to the devices. These frequencies are exclusively reserved for applications of voice communication and are less likely to receive interference from wireless devices like wireless routers and baby monitors.
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